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Poulton Chapel is a ruined mediaeval chapel in the hamlet of Poulton, Cheshire, England (), close to the modern border with Wales. ==Foundation and History== The earliest ecclesiastical structure on the site is thought to have been a single cell structure built in the Saxon period, as evidenced by some 170 pieces of Anglo Saxon pottery, specifically 10th century Chester Ware, that have been found in conjunction with the earliest phase of construction.〔Dr.K. Cootes: Poulton Project Interim Report, 2013〕〔Dr. K. Cootes, British Archaeology Magazine November/December 2015. Exact Editions.〕 The later chapel is thought to have been built by the Cistercian monks of Poulton Abbey. According to Janauschek, the abbey itself was founded between 1153 and 1158, but moved to Dieulacres between 1199 and 1214.〔"Originum Cisterciensium" 1877 (L. Janauschek)〕 However, foundation must have occurred by 1153 at the latest as Ranulf de Gernon died in 1153. The exact location of the abbey has yet to be established as no above ground structure remains. Poulton Abbey was one of three daughter houses (along with Stanlow and Hulton) of Combermere Abbey; founded in 1133 by Hugh Malbank. Abbot William of Combermere founded Poulton Abbey with an endowment of land from Robert Pincerna Le Botiller (1100–1158). Ranulf de Gernon (1099–1153), Earl of Chester and Pincerna's overlord was a prisoner of King Stephen at the time and Pincerna wished prayers to be said for the Earl and his family. On his release the Earl confirmed the foundation and granted the monks a fishery in the River Dee and an exemption for them to grind their corn at his mill in Chester. Numerous other gifts were bestowed on the abbey.〔Cheshire Historic Environment Record〕 The chapel building appears to have been contemporary with the foundation of the Abbey (c.1153) and comprised a single nave from the earliest phase of building. After the abbey was moved to Dieulacres by Randle Blundeville, the site remained a grange, or farm estate of the abbey. The chapel appears to have been maintained for the use of the lay brothers who farmed the estate. In 1487 the abbey leased the estate of Poulton Hall to the prominent Manley family and the chapel was expanded by Sir Nicholas Manley (1468 - 1506) to include a nave, chancel, and tower for use as his private chapel.〔vol. 2, pg. 106 & 682, "The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester" by George Ormerod〕 The location of the chapel was recorded on an early estate map of the Grosvenor Estate, thought to have been drawn before 1675. Subsequent estate maps also recorded the chapel and the first Ordnance Survey map also shows the existence of an old chapel. The chapel was still extant in 1544 when it was granted to Sir George Cotton by the King, although the rest of the buildings had long since fallen into decay. "The king granted to Sir George Cotton...the...chapel of Pulton by Patent dated Dec. 20 1544... 'The remains of the monastery have been long totally destroyed'.〔"History of Cheshire" Vol. 2 1881 pp 861-2 (G.Ormerod) (Cont.)〕 The last recorded use of the chapel was during the English Civil War (1642 - 1651), when it became a stables and lookout point for Parliamentarian troops. In 1672 it was reported as ruinous and by 1718 it had been demolished. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Poulton Chapel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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